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*
!.gitignore
!LICENSE
!examples/
!examples/arena.c
!examples/arena.cpp
!arena.h

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/*
* ============================================================================
* arena.h - Minimal, Portable Freestanding Arena Allocator
* ============================================================================
*
* Overview:
* This header provides a simple, drop-in arena allocator suitable for
* freestanding or embedded environments where standard malloc/free may not
* be available or desirable. It supports both dynamic memory allocation and
* a static buffer fallback for environments without dynamic memory.
*
* Features:
* - Dynamic arena allocation (default): allocates arena memory via
* configurable malloc/free macros.
* - Static arena allocation (#define ARENA_NOALLOC): uses fixed-size
* static buffer specified by #define ARENA_SIZE.
* - Optional thread safety with user-defined ARENA_LOCK() / ARENA_UNLOCK().
* - Simple API: init, alloc, alloc_aligned, reset, destroy, and error reporting.
* - No individual free calls; only whole-arena reset or destroy.
* - Optional namespace support for C++ via ARENA_NAMESPACE.
*
* Usage Examples:
* -------------
* // 1. Dynamic arena allocation (default mode):
* #define ARENA_IMPLEMENTATION
* #include "arena.h"
*
* arena_t *a = arena_init(4096); // Create 4KB arena
* if (!a) { puts(arena_error(NULL)); exit(1); }
*
* void *p = arena_alloc(a, 128); // Allocate 128 bytes
* if (!p) { puts(arena_error(a)); }
*
* arena_reset(a); // Reset arena for reuse
*
* arena_destroy(a); // Free arena memory
*
* // 2. Static arena (no malloc/free):
* #define ARENA_NOALLOC
* #define ARENA_SIZE 8192
* #define ARENA_IMPLEMENTATION
* #include "arena.h"
*
* arena_t *a = arena_init(); // No size needed
* if (!a) { puts(arena_error(NULL)); exit(1); }
*
* void *p = arena_alloc(a, 128);
* if (!p) { puts(arena_error(a)); }
*
* arena_reset(a); // Reset arena for reuse
* // No destroy needed for static arena
*
* // 3. Thread safety (example with pthread mutex):
* #define ARENA_LOCK() pthread_mutex_lock(&lock)
* #define ARENA_UNLOCK() pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock)
* pthread_mutex_t lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
*
* Notes:
* ------
* - Only whole-arena reset or destroy; no per-allocation free.
* - arena_alloc_aligned() provides aligned allocations (alignment must be
* power of two).
* - arena_error() returns last error message for debugging.
* - Configurable allocation functions via ARENA_MALLOC/ARENA_FREE macros.
* - Compatible with C and C++ (with optional namespace support).
*
* License:
* --------
* Apache License 2.0 (see LICENSE file or
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
*
* ============================================================================
*/
#ifndef ARENA_H
#define ARENA_H
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
{
#endif
/* ============================================================================
* Arena Structure
* ============================================================================
*/
typedef struct arena_t
{
unsigned char *data; /* Pointer to arena memory */
unsigned long capacity; /* Total size in bytes */
unsigned long pos; /* Current offset / allocation position */
const char *error; /* Last error string (per arena) */
} arena_t;
/* ============================================================================
* Function Prefixing
* ============================================================================
*/
#ifdef ARENA_NAMESPACE
#define _ARENA_PREFIX(name) name
#else
#define _ARENA_PREFIX(name) arena_##name
#endif
/* ============================================================================
* Thread-Safety Hooks (optional)
* ============================================================================
*/
#ifndef ARENA_LOCK
#define ARENA_LOCK()
#endif
#ifndef ARENA_UNLOCK
#define ARENA_UNLOCK()
#endif
/* ============================================================================
* Allocation Hooks (unless NOALLOC is defined)
* ============================================================================
*/
#ifndef ARENA_NOALLOC
#ifndef ARENA_MALLOC
extern void *_arena_alloc(unsigned long);
#define ARENA_MALLOC(size) _arena_alloc(size)
#endif
#ifndef ARENA_FREE
extern void _arena_free(void *);
#define ARENA_FREE(ptr) _arena_free(ptr)
#endif
#endif /* ARENA_NOALLOC */
/* ============================================================================
* Function Declarations
* ============================================================================
*/
#ifdef ARENA_NOALLOC
arena_t *_ARENA_PREFIX(init)(void); /* No size needed */
#else
arena_t *_ARENA_PREFIX(init)(int size);
#endif
void *_ARENA_PREFIX(alloc)(arena_t *arena, int size);
void *_ARENA_PREFIX(alloc_aligned)(arena_t *arena, int size, int alignment);
void _ARENA_PREFIX(reset)(arena_t *arena);
#ifndef ARENA_NOALLOC
void _ARENA_PREFIX(destroy)(arena_t *arena);
#endif
const char *_ARENA_PREFIX(error)(arena_t *arena);
#ifdef __cplusplus
} /* extern "C" */
#ifdef ARENA_NAMESPACE
namespace arena
{
using ::alloc;
using ::alloc_aligned;
using ::arena_t;
using ::error;
using ::init;
using ::reset;
#ifndef ARENA_NOALLOC
using ::destroy;
#endif
}
#endif /* ARENA_NAMESPACE */
#endif /* __cplusplus */
#ifdef ARENA_IMPLEMENTATION
/* ============================================================================
* Internal default error string when arena pointer is NULL
* ============================================================================
*/
static const char *_arena_error_global = "no error";
/* ============================================================================
* arena_error - returns the last error string for the arena, or global if NULL
* ============================================================================
*/
const char *_ARENA_PREFIX(error)(arena_t *arena)
{
if (arena)
return arena->error ? arena->error : "no error";
return _arena_error_global;
}
/* ============================================================================
* Static Arena (if NOALLOC is enabled)
* ============================================================================
*/
#ifdef ARENA_NOALLOC
#ifndef ARENA_SIZE
#error "ARENA_SIZE must be defined when using ARENA_NOALLOC"
#endif
static unsigned char _arena_static_data[ARENA_SIZE];
static arena_t _arena_static = {_arena_static_data, ARENA_SIZE, 0, NULL};
static int _arena_static_used = 0;
#endif
/* ============================================================================
* arena_init
* ============================================================================
*/
#ifdef ARENA_NOALLOC
arena_t *_ARENA_PREFIX(init)(void)
{
ARENA_LOCK();
if (_arena_static_used)
{
_arena_static.error = "static arena already used";
ARENA_UNLOCK();
return NULL;
}
_arena_static.pos = 0;
_arena_static.error = "no error";
_arena_static_used = 1;
ARENA_UNLOCK();
return &_arena_static;
}
#else
arena_t *_ARENA_PREFIX(init)(int size)
{
ARENA_LOCK();
arena_t *arena = (arena_t *)ARENA_MALLOC(sizeof(arena_t));
if (!arena)
{
_arena_error_global = "out of memory (arena struct)";
ARENA_UNLOCK();
return NULL;
}
arena->data = (unsigned char *)ARENA_MALLOC(size);
if (!arena->data)
{
ARENA_FREE(arena);
_arena_error_global = "out of memory (arena data)";
ARENA_UNLOCK();
return NULL;
}
arena->capacity = size;
arena->pos = 0;
arena->error = "no error";
ARENA_UNLOCK();
return arena;
}
#endif
/* ============================================================================
* arena_alloc
* Allocates memory without alignment guarantees.
* ============================================================================
*/
void *_ARENA_PREFIX(alloc)(arena_t *arena, int size)
{
if (!arena)
{
_arena_error_global = "null arena";
return NULL;
}
if (size <= 0)
{
arena->error = "invalid allocation size";
return NULL;
}
ARENA_LOCK();
if (arena->pos + (unsigned long)size > arena->capacity)
{
arena->error = "arena overflow";
ARENA_UNLOCK();
return NULL;
}
void *ptr = arena->data + arena->pos;
arena->pos += size;
arena->error = "no error";
ARENA_UNLOCK();
return ptr;
}
/* ============================================================================
* arena_alloc_aligned
* Allocates memory with specified alignment (must be power of two).
* ============================================================================
*/
void *_ARENA_PREFIX(alloc_aligned)(arena_t *arena, int size, int alignment)
{
if (!arena)
{
_arena_error_global = "null arena";
return NULL;
}
if (size <= 0)
{
arena->error = "invalid allocation size";
return NULL;
}
if (alignment <= 0 || (alignment & (alignment - 1)) != 0)
{
arena->error = "alignment must be power of two";
return NULL;
}
ARENA_LOCK();
unsigned long current_addr = (unsigned long)(arena->data + arena->pos);
unsigned long offset = (alignment - (current_addr % alignment)) % alignment;
unsigned long new_pos = arena->pos + offset;
if (new_pos + (unsigned long)size > arena->capacity)
{
arena->error = "arena overflow (aligned)";
ARENA_UNLOCK();
return NULL;
}
void *ptr = arena->data + new_pos;
arena->pos = new_pos + size;
arena->error = "no error";
ARENA_UNLOCK();
return ptr;
}
/* ============================================================================
* arena_reset - resets arena to reuse memory (pos = 0)
* ============================================================================
*/
void _ARENA_PREFIX(reset)(arena_t *arena)
{
if (!arena)
return;
ARENA_LOCK();
arena->pos = 0;
arena->error = "no error";
ARENA_UNLOCK();
}
/* ============================================================================
* arena_destroy - frees arena memory (only for dynamic arena)
* ============================================================================
*/
#ifndef ARENA_NOALLOC
void _ARENA_PREFIX(destroy)(arena_t *arena)
{
if (!arena)
return;
ARENA_LOCK();
ARENA_FREE(arena->data);
ARENA_FREE(arena);
_arena_error_global = "no error";
ARENA_UNLOCK();
}
#endif
/* ============================================================================
* arena_used - returns number of bytes currently allocated (internal)
* ============================================================================
*/
static inline unsigned long _ARENA_PREFIX(used)(arena_t *arena)
{
if (!arena)
return 0;
return arena->pos;
}
/* ============================================================================
* arena_capacity - returns total capacity of arena (internal)
* ============================================================================
*/
static inline unsigned long _ARENA_PREFIX(capacity)(arena_t *arena)
{
if (!arena)
return 0;
return arena->capacity;
}
#endif /* ARENA_IMPLEMENTATION */
#endif /* ARENA_H */

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define ARENA_IMPLEMENTATION
#define ARENA_NOALLOC
#define ARENA_SIZE 1024
pthread_mutex_t lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
#define ARENA_LOCK() pthread_mutex_lock(&lock)
#define ARENA_UNLOCK() pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock)
#include "../arena.h"
int main(void)
{
arena_t *arena = arena_init();
if (!arena)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Arena init error: %s\n", arena_error(NULL));
return 1;
}
// Example: allocate 128 bytes (no alignment grantees)
void *p = arena_alloc(arena, 128);
if (!p)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Arena alloc error: %s\n", arena_error(arena));
return 1;
}
printf("Allocated 128 bytes at %p\n", p);
return 0;
}