feat/kernel: Added built-in UART support

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+    "files.associations": {
+        "stdnoreturn.h": "c",
+        "serial.h": "c"
+    }
+}

GNUmakefile

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 MAKEFLAGS += -rR
 .SUFFIXES:
 
-QEMUFLAGS := -m 2G -debugcon stdio
+QEMUFLAGS := -m 2G -serial stdio
 IMAGE_NAME := release/emk
 
 HOST_CC := cc

kernel/src/arch/cpu.h

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#ifndef CPU_H
+#define CPU_H
+
+#include <stdnoreturn.h>
+
+static inline noreturn void hlt()
+{
+    for (;;)
+        __asm__ volatile("hlt");
+}
+
+static inline noreturn void hcf()
+{
+    __asm__ volatile("cli");
+    for (;;)
+        __asm__ volatile("hlt");
+}
+
+#endif // CPU_H

kernel/src/arch/io.c

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include <arch/io.h>
+
+void outb(uint16_t port, uint8_t value)
+{
+    __asm__ volatile("outb %0, %1" : : "a"(value), "Nd"(port) : "memory");
+}
+
+uint8_t inb(uint16_t port)
+{
+    uint8_t result;
+    __asm__ volatile("inb %1, %0" : "=a"(result) : "Nd"(port));
+    return result;
+}
+
+void outw(uint16_t port, uint16_t value)
+{
+    __asm__ volatile("outw %0, %1" : : "a"(value), "Nd"(port) : "memory");
+}
+
+uint16_t inw(uint16_t port)
+{
+    uint16_t result;
+    __asm__ volatile("inw %1, %0" : "=a"(result) : "Nd"(port));
+    return result;
+}
+
+void outl(uint16_t port, uint32_t value)
+{
+    __asm__ volatile("outl %0, %1" : : "a"(value), "Nd"(port) : "memory");
+}
+
+uint32_t inl(uint16_t port)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+    __asm__ volatile("inl %1, %0" : "=a"(result) : "Nd"(port));
+    return result;
+}
+
+void io_wait(void)
+{
+    __asm__ volatile("outb %%al, $0x80" : : "a"(0) : "memory");
+}

kernel/src/arch/io.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#ifndef IO_H
+#define IO_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+void outb(uint16_t port, uint8_t value);
+uint8_t inb(uint16_t port);
+void outw(uint16_t port, uint16_t value);
+uint16_t inw(uint16_t port);
+void outl(uint16_t port, uint32_t value);
+uint32_t inl(uint16_t port);
+void io_wait(void);
+
+#endif // IO_H

kernel/src/dev/serial.c

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#include <dev/serial.h>
+#include <arch/io.h>
+
+int serial_init(uint16_t port)
+{
+    uint16_t base = (uint16_t)port;
+
+    // Disable all interrupts
+    outb(base + UART_IER, 0x00);
+    io_wait();
+
+    // Enable DLAB to set baud rate
+    outb(base + UART_LCR, UART_LCR_DLAB);
+    io_wait();
+    outb(base + UART_DLL, UART_BAUD_38400 & 0xFF);
+    io_wait();
+    outb(base + UART_DLH, (UART_BAUD_38400 >> 8) & 0xFF);
+    io_wait();
+
+    // Disable DLAB and set 8N1 (8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit)
+    outb(base + UART_LCR, UART_LCR_8N1);
+    io_wait();
+
+    // Enable FIFO, clear them, with 14-byte threshold
+    outb(base + UART_FCR, UART_FCR_ENABLE | UART_FCR_CLEAR_RX | UART_FCR_CLEAR_TX | UART_FCR_14BYTE);
+    io_wait();
+
+    // Set DTR, RTS, and OUT2
+    outb(base + UART_MCR, UART_MCR_DTR | UART_MCR_RTS | UART_MCR_OUT2);
+    io_wait();
+
+    // Test serial chip (enable loopback mode)
+    outb(base + UART_MCR, UART_MCR_LOOP | UART_MCR_DTR | UART_MCR_RTS | UART_MCR_OUT2);
+    io_wait();
+    outb(base + UART_DATA, 0xAE); // Send test byte
+    io_wait();
+    if (inb(base + UART_DATA) != 0xAE)
+    {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    outb(base + UART_MCR, UART_MCR_DTR | UART_MCR_RTS | UART_MCR_OUT2);
+    io_wait();
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int serial_write(uint16_t port, const uint8_t *data, uint32_t length)
+{
+    uint16_t base = port;
+    uint32_t i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < length; i++)
+    {
+        // Wait for transmitter holding register to be empty
+        while (!(inb(base + UART_LSR) & UART_LSR_THRE))
+        {
+            io_wait();
+        }
+        outb(base + UART_DATA, data[i]);
+    }
+    return i;
+}
+
+int serial_read(uint16_t port, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t length)
+{
+    uint16_t base = port;
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+
+    while (i < length)
+    {
+        if (inb(base + UART_LSR) & UART_LSR_DR)
+        {
+            buffer[i] = inb(base + UART_DATA);
+            i++;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return i;
+}

kernel/src/dev/serial.h

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#ifndef SERIAL_H
+#define SERIAL_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#define COM1 0x3f8
+
+// UART register offsets
+#define UART_DATA 0x00 // Data register (R/W)
+#define UART_IER 0x01  // Interrupt Enable Register (R/W)
+#define UART_DLL 0x00  // Divisor Latch Low (R/W, when DLAB=1)
+#define UART_DLH 0x01  // Divisor Latch High (R/W, when DLAB=1)
+#define UART_FCR 0x02  // FIFO Control Register (W)
+#define UART_LCR 0x03  // Line Control Register (R/W)
+#define UART_MCR 0x04  // Modem Control Register (R/W)
+#define UART_LSR 0x05  // Line Status Register (R)
+
+// Line Control Register bits
+#define UART_LCR_DLAB 0x80 // Divisor Latch Access Bit
+#define UART_LCR_8N1 0x03  // 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit
+
+// FIFO Control Register bits
+#define UART_FCR_ENABLE 0x01   // Enable FIFO
+#define UART_FCR_CLEAR_RX 0x02 // Clear receive FIFO
+#define UART_FCR_CLEAR_TX 0x04 // Clear transmit FIFO
+#define UART_FCR_14BYTE 0xC0   // 14-byte trigger level
+
+// Modem Control Register bits
+#define UART_MCR_DTR 0x01  // Data Terminal Ready
+#define UART_MCR_RTS 0x02  // Request to Send
+#define UART_MCR_OUT2 0x08 // OUT2 (used for interrupts)
+#define UART_MCR_LOOP 0x10 // Loopback mode
+
+// Line Status Register bits
+#define UART_LSR_DR 0x01   // Data Ready
+#define UART_LSR_THRE 0x20 // Transmitter Holding Register Empty
+
+// Baud rate divisor for 38400 baud (115200 / 3)
+#define UART_BAUD_38400 3
+
+int serial_init(uint16_t port);
+int serial_write(uint16_t port, const uint8_t *data, uint32_t length);
+int serial_read(uint16_t port, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t length);
+
+#endif // SERIAL_H

kernel/src/emk.c

@@ -1,107 +1,26 @@
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <boot/limine.h>
+#include <arch/cpu.h>
+#include <arch/io.h>
+#include <dev/serial.h>
 
 __attribute__((used, section(".limine_requests"))) static volatile LIMINE_BASE_REVISION(3);
-__attribute__((used, section(".limine_requests"))) static volatile struct limine_framebuffer_request framebuffer_request = {
-    .id = LIMINE_FRAMEBUFFER_REQUEST,
-    .revision = 0};
-
 __attribute__((used, section(".limine_requests_start"))) static volatile LIMINE_REQUESTS_START_MARKER;
 __attribute__((used, section(".limine_requests_end"))) static volatile LIMINE_REQUESTS_END_MARKER;
 
-void *memcpy(void *restrict dest, const void *restrict src, size_t n)
-{
-    uint8_t *restrict pdest = (uint8_t *restrict)dest;
-    const uint8_t *restrict psrc = (const uint8_t *restrict)src;
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
-    {
-        pdest[i] = psrc[i];
-    }
-
-    return dest;
-}
-
-void *memset(void *s, int c, size_t n)
-{
-    uint8_t *p = (uint8_t *)s;
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
-    {
-        p[i] = (uint8_t)c;
-    }
-
-    return s;
-}
-
-void *memmove(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n)
-{
-    uint8_t *pdest = (uint8_t *)dest;
-    const uint8_t *psrc = (const uint8_t *)src;
-
-    if (src > dest)
-    {
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
-        {
-            pdest[i] = psrc[i];
-        }
-    }
-    else if (src < dest)
-    {
-        for (size_t i = n; i > 0; i--)
-        {
-            pdest[i - 1] = psrc[i - 1];
-        }
-    }
-
-    return dest;
-}
-
-int memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n)
-{
-    const uint8_t *p1 = (const uint8_t *)s1;
-    const uint8_t *p2 = (const uint8_t *)s2;
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
-    {
-        if (p1[i] != p2[i])
-        {
-            return p1[i] < p2[i] ? -1 : 1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static void hcf(void)
-{
-    asm("cli");
-    for (;;)
-    {
-        asm("hlt");
-    }
-}
-
 void emk_entry(void)
 {
-    if (LIMINE_BASE_REVISION_SUPPORTED == false)
+    if (serial_init(COM1) != 0)
     {
+        /* Just halt and say nothing */
         hcf();
     }
 
-    if (framebuffer_request.response == NULL || framebuffer_request.response->framebuffer_count < 1)
+    if (!LIMINE_BASE_REVISION_SUPPORTED)
     {
+        serial_write(COM1, (uint8_t *)"ERROR: Limine base revision is not supported\n", 45);
         hcf();
     }
 
-    struct limine_framebuffer *framebuffer = framebuffer_request.response->framebuffers[0];
+    serial_write(COM1, (uint8_t *)"Hello, World!\n", 14);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+    hlt();
-    {
-        volatile uint32_t *fb_ptr = framebuffer->address;
-        fb_ptr[i * (framebuffer->pitch / 4) + i] = 0xffffff;
-    }
-
-    hcf();
 }

kernel/src/lib/string.c

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#include <lib/string.h>
+
+void *memcpy(void *restrict dest, const void *restrict src, size_t n)
+{
+    uint8_t *restrict pdest = (uint8_t *restrict)dest;
+    const uint8_t *restrict psrc = (const uint8_t *restrict)src;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    {
+        pdest[i] = psrc[i];
+    }
+
+    return dest;
+}
+
+void *memset(void *s, int c, size_t n)
+{
+    uint8_t *p = (uint8_t *)s;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    {
+        p[i] = (uint8_t)c;
+    }
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+void *memmove(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n)
+{
+    uint8_t *pdest = (uint8_t *)dest;
+    const uint8_t *psrc = (const uint8_t *)src;
+
+    if (src > dest)
+    {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
+        {
+            pdest[i] = psrc[i];
+        }
+    }
+    else if (src < dest)
+    {
+        for (size_t i = n; i > 0; i--)
+        {
+            pdest[i - 1] = psrc[i - 1];
+        }
+    }
+
+    return dest;
+}
+
+int memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n)
+{
+    const uint8_t *p1 = (const uint8_t *)s1;
+    const uint8_t *p2 = (const uint8_t *)s2;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    {
+        if (p1[i] != p2[i])
+        {
+            return p1[i] < p2[i] ? -1 : 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}

kernel/src/lib/string.h

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef STRING_H
+#define STRING_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+void *memcpy(void *restrict dest, const void *restrict src, size_t n);
+void *memset(void *s, int c, size_t n);
+void *memmove(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);
+int memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
+
+#endif // STRING_H